7TH - KALVI TV - 25-01-22 - ENGLISH - REPORTED SPEECH

 

 Reported Speech

Ø  The actual words spoken by a person is Direct speech. They are enclosed within

            quotation marks.

Ø  When we later report this, making changes to the words the speaker originally said,

            it is Reported Speech. (Indirect Speech)

EXAMPLES:

Ø  DIRECT SPEECH: Ram said to Rakesh, “I want an ice cream.’’

            INDIRECT SPEECH: Ram told Rakesh that he wanted an ice cream

Ø  DIRECT SPEECH: My uncle said to me, “I am coming to Chennai tomorrow.”

            INDIRECT SPEECH: My uncle told me that he was coming to Chennai the next da

Ø  DIRECT SPEECH: The librarian said, “The comic books are kept on the second shelf.”

INDIRECT SPEECH: The librarian said that the comic books were kept on the

Second shelf.

Ø  DIRECT SPEECH: Monica said, “I want to become a doctor.”

INDIRECT SPEECH: Monica said that she wanted to become a doctor

Ø  DIRECT SPEECH: Sidharthan said, “The monument is beautiful.”

INDIRECT SPEECH: Sidharthan said that the monument was beautiful

RULES:

CHANGE IN TENSES:

           

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Simple Present  (Subject +V1st + Object)	Simple past (Subject +V2 + Object)
Present continuous  (Subject +is/am/are+V1 +ing+ Object)	Past Continuous (Subject +was/were+V1 +ing+ Object)
Present perfect (Subject + has/have+V3+Object)	Past perfect (Subject+had+V3+Object)
Simple past (Subject+V2+Object)	Past perfect (Subject+had+V3+Object)
Past Continuous (Subject +was/were+V1 +ing+ Object)	Past perfect continuous (Subject +had been+V1 +ing+ Object)

CHANGE IN MODAL VERB:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Can	Could
May	Might
Must	Had to/ Would have to
Should	Should
Might	Might
Could	Could
Would	Would
Ought to	Ought to

 

 

 

CHANGE IN TIME & PLACE ADVERBIALS:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Now	Then
Here	There
Today	That day
Tomorrow	The next day
Last week	The previous week
This	That
Tonight	That night
Ago	Before
Thus	So
Hither	Thither
Come	Go
Hence	Thence
Next	The Following

 

CHANGE IN REPORTING VERB & CONJUNCTION:

TYPES OF SENTENCE	DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
STATEMENT	SAYS SAY SAYS TO SAID SAID TO	SAYS TELL TELL SAID TOLD
CONJUNCTION	REMOVE , &” MARKS, WE CAN ADD THE CONJUNCTION’THAT’

 

EXCEPTIONAL CASES:

Ø  reporting verb,’says’- don’t change tense

Ø  universal truth,scientific fact & proverb-don’t change tense

CHANGE IN PRONOUN:

PERSON	NUMBER	SUBJECTIVE CASE	POSSESSIVE     CASE	OBJECTIVE CASE
I	SINGULAR	I	MY	ME
I	PLURAL	WE	OUR	US
II	SINGULAR	YOU	YOUR	YOU
II	PLURAL	YOU	YOUR	YOU
III	SINGULAR	HE	HIS	HIM
III	SINGULAR	SHE	HER	HER
III	SINGULAR	IT	ITS	IT
III	PLURAL	THEY	THEIR	THEM

EXERCISES:

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH(REPORTED)
He said, “I live in the city centre”.	He said that he lived in the city centre.
He said.”I am living in the city centre”.	He said that he was living in the city centre
Ravi said, “I can swim”	Ravi said that he could swim.
She said,”I ate chocolates yesterday”	She said that she had eaten chocolates the previous day.
Ram said,”I have finished my work”	Ram said that she had finished his work.
Gokul said to guru.”I have been living in this house for 5 years”	Gokul told guru that he had been living in that house for 5 years.

 

READ THE SENTENCES AND CONVERT FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH (REPORTED):

1.My father said, “I will be in Salem on Monday”.

2.He said, `I am going to school now”

3. Meghna said to Aadhav,``We play hide and seek”

4.Magi said,``I wrote a letter yesterday”

5.Yazhini said,``Honesty is the best policy”

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